What is an impedance tester?

common problems 2840

文将介绍阻抗的基础知识和测量要点。

阻抗是交流电路的电阻,是不可见的。因此,必须使用阻抗测试仪之类的专用测量仪器进行测量。如果是以前从未接触过阻抗测试仪的人,可能会比较关注它的使用方法,以及使用时的注意事项。

因此,本文将以通俗易懂的方式介绍了阻抗的基本知识、阻抗测试仪的使用方法以及测量时的注意事项。

■ 什么是阻抗?

可能有些人不知道什么是阻抗。阻抗是一个表示交流电流动难度的量。阻抗常用Z表示,单位为Ω(欧姆)。

 所以,当导体两端的电压一定时,电阻越大,通过的电流就越小;反之,电阻越小,通过的电流就越大。阻抗在电路领域具有重要意义。

■ 阻抗和直流电路中的电阻有区别吗?

阻抗也是一种电阻,单位和直流电阻一样,都是用Ω表示。但直流电阻和阻抗并不是完全相同的。虽然从大的方面来看它们是一样的,但交流阻抗更为复杂。

在直流电路中,电阻 (R) 起到阻断电流的作用。在交流电路中,除了电阻 (R) 之外,线圈(电感 L)和电容 (C) 也有阻碍电流通过的作用。

■ 测量阻抗需要使用阻抗测试仪

阻抗是不可见的,因此要确定阻抗,必须使用专用测量仪器。可以测量阻抗的仪器包括阻抗测试仪、LCR测试仪和阻抗分析仪等。

测量阻抗有很多方法,这些方法各有利弊。因此,要根据自己想要进行的测量类型及想要得到的测量精度来选择测量阻抗的仪器。

下表总结了测量阻抗的方法。以此确保您能了解各方法所对应的可进行的测量类型。

测量方法优点缺点
bridge method高精度(约0.1%)不适合高速测量
I-V measurement可对接地样品进行测量电压表会受阻抗大小的影响
自动平衡电桥・覆盖频率范围广(1mHz〜100MHz)・阻抗测量范围广*许多 LCR测试仪都采用了该技术・无法覆盖高频率频率高于1MHz时,需要复杂的 I-V 转换器
RF I-V measurement高精度(约 1%),高频率,阻抗测量范围广。 (与网络分析仪相比)*高频LCR测试仪中采用该技术由于测量频带受到测试头变压器的限制,因此很难实现广范围测量

■ 使用阻抗测试仪测量时的注意点

阻抗测量非常敏感,在许多情况下测量结果往往不稳定。主要因素包括以下几点。

・因被测元件而产生的偏差

由于被测元件的个体差异的影响,在某些情况下,即使在相同的条件下,测量值也可能不完全相同。

Correlation factor of the component to be measured

Not only the originally designed resistance and impedance, but also other correlating factors of the component under test may cause the measured value to deviate. Even differences in the length and spacing of the wires connecting the components can lead to changes in the measured values.

・使用条件引起的偏差

在测量电容和电感器温度、探头电容和高阻抗元件时,外部电磁感应噪声的影响等测量环境的变化会影响测量值。此外,它们还会受到测量电路和测量仪器产生的直流偏压的影响。

因此,阻抗测量很容易产生偏差,因此有必要采取一些预防措施,例如进行多次测量并取平均值等。

▪ Summary

阻抗测试仪有多种类型,各自有其不同的测量方法和频率范围。请先明确您要进行的测量类型,并选择最适合您需求的阻抗测试仪。此外,阻抗测量容易受到各种因素的影响而出现偏差,因此有必要采取反复测试等预防措施。

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