What is the frequency of electricity?

common problems 4290

电的频率是指什么? 下面介绍频率的基础知识、区域性和测量方法

由于电和电压是看不见的东西,因此很多人会觉得它们是难以捉摸的东西。但其实只是看不见而已,想要了解并不难。下面,我们将通过通俗易懂的方式介绍电和电压的频率基础、地区频率的差异以及如何测量频率。

■ 频率是指每秒的电波数

频率是交流电中正负在一秒钟内交替的次数。 它是交流电特有的,正负有规律地交换,在直流电中不会发生。 频率单位是“Hz(赫兹)”。 例如,如果每秒有 60 次正负变化,则频率表示为 60 Hz。

另外,交流电从0开始,电压由正变为负,再回到0时表示为一个周期,频率为周期的倒数。 “高频”是指每秒的波数多、周期短,“低频”是指波数少、周期长。

■ 频率因国家而异

比如中国、英国和德国为50Hz,美国和韩国为60Hz,频率存在地域差异,但基本上每个国家采用一个频率的情况是主流。

作为一个特殊的例子,日本分为东日本和西日本,东日本是50Hz,西日本是60Hz。 一个国家使用不同的频率在世界上是非常罕见的。

以前在日本,如果从东日本搬家到西日本,需要确认现有的家电是否能继续使用。也就是说,在搬家时,可能需要把大部分电器都换掉。

然而近年来,许多电器能兼容50Hz和60Hz两种频率。 越来越多的电器内置了变频器,可以适配电机的频率,从而降低了在不同频率的地区使用时出现性能不佳和故障的风险。

■ 频率的测量方法

测量频率时,可以使用配备频率测量功能(频率计数器)的数字万用表。 除了昂贵的数字万用表,有些万用表也有这个功能。

其使用方法非常简单。将数字万用表切换到频率测量 (Hz)功能,然后将红、黑表笔分别插入万用表的正极(+)和负极(-)端子中,使测量测试表棒接触被测电路的两端,相应部分的频率即可显示在液晶屏上。

测量时,不要忘记在测试表棒接触到测量部分之前将功能切换到频率测量。在测试表棒接触时切换功能可能会导致数字万用表发生故障。

▪ Summary

频率是一秒钟内产生的电波数。世界上各国的频率都规定为 50Hz 或 60Hz。作为一个特例,日本根据地区的不同,用电频率分为 50Hz 和 60Hz。 最近,越来越多的电气产品或配备变频器的电器能同时支持两个频率。

除了上面提到的工频测量,频率测量的情况还有很多。

如果您需要自己进行测量,推荐试试数字万用表的频率测量功能。

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